![]() ![]() ![]() It refreshes the mind and repairs the body. Most scientists agree that sleep is important for restoring physical and mental health. If leg movements are excessive, treatment with supplements or medication may be indicated.Sleep is as essential for good health as oxygen, food and water. The (PLMI) is a measure of the number of leg jerks each hour of sleep. If the leg jerks are robust, they may cause a person to briefly awaken from sleep. Periodic Limb Movement Index (PLMI) – Periodic Limb Movements are leg jerks during sleep that occur every 5-20 seconds. In persons with sleep apnoea or lung disease, oxygen saturation levels are often reduced. Normal oxygen saturation in a healthy adult is 94-100%. Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) – Oxygen saturation refers to oxygen levels in the blood. As REM is the fifth and final stage of a sleep cycle, normal individuals achieve their first period of REM sleep about 70-110 minutes after falling to sleep. REM Latency – REM latency refers to the amount of time it takes a person to achieve REM (or dream) sleep after the person has initially fallen to sleep. About 20-30% of sleep time is spent in this stage, with the largest majority of REM occurring late in the night. Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is otherwise referred to as dream sleep. Older individuals tend to have a lower percentage of deep sleep. About 20-25% of sleep is comprised of deep sleep. During this stage, individuals are more difficult to wake from sleep and if they do wake from this stage, they typically feel drowsy. About 25-45% of sleep time is spent in this stage. An individual does not have an awareness of surroundings during this stage and is approaching a deeper state of sleep. Stage 2 sleep is the predominant sleep stage during a normal night of sleep.Only about 5-10% of total sleep time is spent in Stage 1 sleep. During this stage, individuals usually have an awareness of their surroundings and may not perceive themselves to be asleep. Often referred to as “drowsiness” or “pre-sleep”, it is very light sleep. Stage 1 sleep is the first and earliest stage of sleep.Stages of Sleep – As stated above, there are four stages of sleep with the following descriptions: Each sleep cycle lasts about 90-120 minutes thus, a person should have 4-5 cycles of sleep each night. There are four stages of sleep that make up each sleep cycle. Sleep Architecture – Sleep architecture refers to the structure of sleep. Sleep latency greater than 15 minutes may suggest some difficulty with sleep initiation. Sleep latency less than five minutes may suggest some degree of excessive sleepiness. For example, if a person goes to bed at 10:00 and falls to sleep at 10:15, the sleep latency is 15 minutes. Sleep Latency – Sleep latency refers to the amount of time it takes a person to fall to sleep. Most healthy and young adults have sleep efficiencies above 90%. to 6 a.m), at least 6.4 hours or more should be spent sleeping to achieve an 80% or greater sleep efficiency. For example, if a person spends 8 hours in bed (from 10 p.m. Normal sleep efficiency is considered to be 80% or greater. The percentage is calculated by dividing Total Sleep Time by Total Time in bed. Sleep Efficiency – Sleep efficiency refers to the percentage of time a person sleeps, in relation to the amount of time a person spends in bed. Nonetheless, they are disruptive to sleep and may cause daytime sleepiness or fatigue. Most arousals from sleep are brief enough that a person does not remember them. ![]() Apnoea and hypopnoea events often cause arousals from sleep because a person will wake briefly to breathe normally again.
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